Labsheet-02(Flicker.csv).ipynb

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            "   Identifier             Edition Statement      Place of Publication  \\\n",
            "0         206                           NaN                    London   \n",
            "1         216                           NaN  London; Virtue & Yorston   \n",
            "2         218                           NaN                    London   \n",
            "3         472                           NaN                    London   \n",
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            "  Date of Publication              Publisher  \\\n",
            "0         1879 [1878]       S. Tinsley & Co.   \n",
            "1                1868           Virtue & Co.   \n",
            "2                1869  Bradbury, Evans & Co.   \n",
            "3                1851          James Darling   \n",
            "4                1857   Wertheim & Macintosh   \n",
            "\n",
            "                                               Title     Author  \\\n",
            "0                  Walter Forbes. [A novel.] By A. A      A. A.   \n",
            "1  All for Greed. [A novel. The dedication signed...  A., A. A.   \n",
            "2  Love the Avenger. By the author of “All for Gr...  A., A. A.   \n",
            "3  Welsh Sketches, chiefly ecclesiastical, to the...  A., E. S.   \n",
            "4  [The World in which I live, and my place in it...  A., E. S.   \n",
            "\n",
            "                                   Contributors  Corporate Author  \\\n",
            "0                               FORBES, Walter.               NaN   \n",
            "1  BLAZE DE BURY, Marie Pauline Rose - Baroness               NaN   \n",
            "2  BLAZE DE BURY, Marie Pauline Rose - Baroness               NaN   \n",
            "3                   Appleyard, Ernest Silvanus.               NaN   \n",
            "4                           BROOME, John Henry.               NaN   \n",
            "\n",
            "   Corporate Contributors Former owner  Engraver Issuance type  \\\n",
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            "2                     NaN          NaN       NaN   monographic   \n",
            "3                     NaN          NaN       NaN   monographic   \n",
            "4                     NaN          NaN       NaN   monographic   \n",
            "\n",
            "                                          Flickr URL  \\\n",
            "0  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...   \n",
            "1  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...   \n",
            "2  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...   \n",
            "3  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...   \n",
            "4  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...   \n",
            "\n",
            "                            Shelfmarks  \n",
            "0    British Library HMNTS 12641.b.30.  \n",
            "1    British Library HMNTS 12626.cc.2.  \n",
            "2    British Library HMNTS 12625.dd.1.  \n",
            "3  British Library HMNTS 10369.bbb.15.  \n",
            "4     British Library HMNTS 9007.d.28.  \n"
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      "source": [
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "df=pd.read_csv(\"/content/drive/MyDrive/Flicker images.csv\")\n",
        "print(df.head())"
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              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-7aa6eb37-fc68-4ea4-b388-c22ba580424a button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "dataframe",
              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df\",\n  \"rows\": 8287,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Identifier\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Edition Statement\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Place of Publication\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Date of Publication\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          true\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Publisher\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          true\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Title\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Author\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          true\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Contributors\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Corporate Author\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          true\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Corporate Contributors\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          true\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Former owner\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Engraver\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          true\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Issuance type\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Flickr URL\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Shelfmarks\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"boolean\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          false\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 22
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.isnull().sum()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "dQAeRLC46bQ4",
        "outputId": "a5499f8e-e5bb-490e-cfd5-0d9f8c70d2b7"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Identifier                   0\n",
              "Edition Statement         7514\n",
              "Place of Publication         0\n",
              "Date of Publication        181\n",
              "Publisher                 4195\n",
              "Title                        0\n",
              "Author                    1778\n",
              "Contributors                 0\n",
              "Corporate Author          8287\n",
              "Corporate Contributors    8287\n",
              "Former owner              8286\n",
              "Engraver                  8287\n",
              "Issuance type                0\n",
              "Flickr URL                   0\n",
              "Shelfmarks                   0\n",
              "dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 23
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "to_drop=['Edition Statement','Corporate Author','Corporate Contributors','Former owner','Engraver','Contributors','Issuance type','Shelfmarks']\n",
        "df.drop(to_drop,inplace=True,axis=1)\n",
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 432
        },
        "id": "kT8tb6d_6c0_",
        "outputId": "b82b2dd7-9e42-452b-fc14-2d46e9c6d307"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   Identifier      Place of Publication Date of Publication  \\\n",
              "0         206                    London         1879 [1878]   \n",
              "1         216  London; Virtue & Yorston                1868   \n",
              "2         218                    London                1869   \n",
              "3         472                    London                1851   \n",
              "4         480                    London                1857   \n",
              "\n",
              "               Publisher                                              Title  \\\n",
              "0       S. Tinsley & Co.                  Walter Forbes. [A novel.] By A. A   \n",
              "1           Virtue & Co.  All for Greed. [A novel. The dedication signed...   \n",
              "2  Bradbury, Evans & Co.  Love the Avenger. By the author of “All for Gr...   \n",
              "3          James Darling  Welsh Sketches, chiefly ecclesiastical, to the...   \n",
              "4   Wertheim & Macintosh  [The World in which I live, and my place in it...   \n",
              "\n",
              "      Author                                         Flickr URL  \n",
              "0      A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "1  A., A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "2  A., A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "3  A., E. S.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "4  A., E. S.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  "
            ],
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              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
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              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
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              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
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              "      display: none;\n",
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              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-b1f08c5b-d11f-44d4-adce-f3f1bce687eb button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-b1f08c5b-d11f-44d4-adce-f3f1bce687eb');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
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              "\n",
              "\n",
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              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
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            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 24
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.shape"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "PC-kcFGL6hK3",
        "outputId": "e8c360f8-d2ce-46ee-b1a2-5cf7b18d5f55"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "(8287, 7)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 25
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "unwanted_characters=['[',',','-']\n",
        "def clean_dates(item):\n",
        "  dop=str(item.loc['Date of Publication'])\n",
        "  if dop=='nan' or dop[0]=='[':\n",
        "     return np.NaN\n",
        "  for character in unwanted_characters:\n",
        "     if character in dop:\n",
        "        character_index=dop.find(character)\n",
        "        dop=dop[:character_index]\n",
        "  return dop\n",
        "df['Date of Publication']=df.apply(clean_dates,axis=1)\n",
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 432
        },
        "id": "5Ljw1xNh6pEp",
        "outputId": "5f14600c-0daa-4ea0-f1a3-9fc74c28dced"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   Identifier      Place of Publication Date of Publication  \\\n",
              "0         206                    London               1879    \n",
              "1         216  London; Virtue & Yorston                1868   \n",
              "2         218                    London                1869   \n",
              "3         472                    London                1851   \n",
              "4         480                    London                1857   \n",
              "\n",
              "               Publisher                                              Title  \\\n",
              "0       S. Tinsley & Co.                  Walter Forbes. [A novel.] By A. A   \n",
              "1           Virtue & Co.  All for Greed. [A novel. The dedication signed...   \n",
              "2  Bradbury, Evans & Co.  Love the Avenger. By the author of “All for Gr...   \n",
              "3          James Darling  Welsh Sketches, chiefly ecclesiastical, to the...   \n",
              "4   Wertheim & Macintosh  [The World in which I live, and my place in it...   \n",
              "\n",
              "      Author                                         Flickr URL  \n",
              "0      A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "1  A., A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "2  A., A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "3  A., E. S.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "4  A., E. S.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  "
            ],
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              "      <th>Identifier</th>\n",
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              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
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              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-c16db66c-662e-4e51-b56f-ca086cf45542');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
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              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
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              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
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              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-07918be1-1f4b-43a9-b830-82349c100b98 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "dataframe",
              "variable_name": "df",
              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df\",\n  \"rows\": 8287,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Identifier\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1190379,\n        \"min\": 206,\n        \"max\": 4160339,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8287,\n        \"samples\": [\n          2202091,\n          2778816,\n          4002177\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Place of Publication\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1441,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Springfield, O\",\n          \"Warwick, 1877\",\n          \"Sheffield\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Date of Publication\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 403,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"1884\",\n          \"1881]\",\n          \"1654\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Publisher\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1989,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"J. G. Gregory\",\n          \"T. Hurst, E. Chance & Co.\",\n          \"A. J. Hall & Co.\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Title\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"string\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8210,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"A Daughter of the Druids. [A novel.] By A. K. H[opkins]\",\n          \"Relations de la Normandie et de la Bretagne avec les i\\u0302les de la Manche pendant l'e\\u0301migration, d'apre\\u0300s des documents recueillis par ... S. E. Hoskins\",\n          \"A History, topographical, arch\\u00e6ological, genealogical, and biographical, of the parishes of West and East Bradenham, with those of Necton and Holme Hale, in the County of Norfolk ... With an introduction by ... A. Jessopp ... With illustrations\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Author\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"string\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5005,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"PROCTER, Adelaide Anne.\",\n          \"MURAV'EV, Nikolai Nikolaevich - Count, General\",\n          \"Tasso, Torquato\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Flickr URL\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"string\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8287,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/tags/sysnum002202091\",\n          \"http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/tags/sysnum002778816\",\n          \"http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/tags/sysnum004002177\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 26
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "def clean_title(title):\n",
        "  if title=='nan':\n",
        "    return 'NaN'\n",
        "  if title[0]=='[':\n",
        "    title=title[1:title.find(']')]\n",
        "  if 'by' in title:\n",
        "    title=title[:title.find('by')]\n",
        "  if 'By' in title:\n",
        "    title=title[:title.find('By')]\n",
        "  if '[' in title:\n",
        "    title=title[:title.find('[')]\n",
        "  title=title[:-2]\n",
        "  title=list(map(str.capitalize,title.split()))\n",
        "  return ' '.join(title)\n",
        "df['Title']=df['Title'].apply(clean_title)\n",
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 380
        },
        "id": "vnpQd1LLA_6C",
        "outputId": "8c97378e-057a-4e21-a169-7684cfd31b2b"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "   Identifier      Place of Publication Date of Publication  \\\n",
              "0         206                    London               1879    \n",
              "1         216  London; Virtue & Yorston                1868   \n",
              "2         218                    London                1869   \n",
              "3         472                    London                1851   \n",
              "4         480                    London                1857   \n",
              "\n",
              "               Publisher                                              Title  \\\n",
              "0       S. Tinsley & Co.                                      Walter Forbes   \n",
              "1           Virtue & Co.                                      All For Greed   \n",
              "2  Bradbury, Evans & Co.                                   Love The Avenger   \n",
              "3          James Darling  Welsh Sketches, Chiefly Ecclesiastical, To The...   \n",
              "4   Wertheim & Macintosh      The World In Which I Live, And My Place In It   \n",
              "\n",
              "      Author                                         Flickr URL  \n",
              "0      A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "1  A., A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "2  A., A. A.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "3  A., E. S.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  \n",
              "4  A., E. S.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...  "
            ],
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              "      <td>206</td>\n",
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              "      <td>http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/ta...</td>\n",
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              "      <th>1</th>\n",
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              "      <td>All For Greed</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Love The Avenger</td>\n",
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              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>472</td>\n",
              "      <td>London</td>\n",
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              "      <td>James Darling</td>\n",
              "      <td>Welsh Sketches, Chiefly Ecclesiastical, To The...</td>\n",
              "      <td>A., E. S.</td>\n",
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              "      <th>4</th>\n",
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              "      <td>Wertheim &amp; Macintosh</td>\n",
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              "        document.querySelector('#df-520f72fb-50eb-4019-a7fb-76e44c661337 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
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              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
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              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-520f72fb-50eb-4019-a7fb-76e44c661337');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
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              "</svg>\n",
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              "\n",
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              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
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              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
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              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
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              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
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              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
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              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "dataframe",
              "variable_name": "df",
              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df\",\n  \"rows\": 8287,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Identifier\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1190379,\n        \"min\": 206,\n        \"max\": 4160339,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8287,\n        \"samples\": [\n          2202091,\n          2778816,\n          4002177\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Place of Publication\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1441,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Springfield, O\",\n          \"Warwick, 1877\",\n          \"Sheffield\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Date of Publication\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 403,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"1884\",\n          \"1881]\",\n          \"1654\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Publisher\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1989,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"J. G. Gregory\",\n          \"T. Hurst, E. Chance & Co.\",\n          \"A. J. Hall & Co.\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Title\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"string\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8016,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"The Rocks Of Kansas\",\n          \"The Astrologer; A Comedy\",\n          \"Observations On A Tour Through The Highland\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Author\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"string\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5005,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"PROCTER, Adelaide Anne.\",\n          \"MURAV'EV, Nikolai Nikolaevich - Count, General\",\n          \"Tasso, Torquato\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Flickr URL\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"string\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8287,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/tags/sysnum002202091\",\n          \"http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/tags/sysnum002778816\",\n          \"http://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/tags/sysnum004002177\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 27
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.set_index('Identifier',inplace=True)\n",
        "df.head()\n",
        "df['Date of Publication'].head(25)\n"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "oTLZ8xknBn4Y",
        "outputId": "70581225-2d72-4a00-96b6-7097f1af0f75"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Identifier\n",
              "206     1879 \n",
              "216      1868\n",
              "218      1869\n",
              "472      1851\n",
              "480      1857\n",
              "481      1875\n",
              "519      1872\n",
              "667       NaN\n",
              "874      1676\n",
              "1143     1679\n",
              "1280     1802\n",
              "1808     1859\n",
              "1905     1888\n",
              "1929     1839\n",
              "2836     1897\n",
              "2854     1865\n",
              "2956     1860\n",
              "2957     1873\n",
              "3017     1866\n",
              "3131     1899\n",
              "4598     1814\n",
              "4884     1820\n",
              "4976     1800\n",
              "5382     1847\n",
              "5385      NaN\n",
              "Name: Date of Publication, dtype: object"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 28
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}