Python: Allow Kernel Functions from Prompt for image and audio content (#11403)

### Motivation and Context

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  1. Why is this change required?
  2. What problem does it solve?
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I noticed that even though the input and prompt rendering match what you
want to use for image and audio generation, we didn't support that.

This introduces just that, with two samples. This unlocks the following
scenario's:

- Running text to speech pipelines with set intro/outro statements
- Creating function calls for image generation with limited scope and a
lot of set pieces.

### Description

<!-- Describe your changes, the overall approach, the underlying design.
These notes will help understanding how your code works. Thanks! -->

- Adds a `get_image_content` method to the TextToImageClientBase class
- Adds the option to select a TextToImage or TextToAudio client in the
service selector (only for non-streaming)
- Adds branches in the KernelFunctionFromPrompt _invoke_internal for
those types.
- Adds handling the output as a FunctionResult
- Adds samples for both


### Contribution Checklist

<!-- Before submitting this PR, please make sure: -->

- [x] The code builds clean without any errors or warnings
- [x] The PR follows the [SK Contribution
Guidelines](https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-kernel/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)
and the [pre-submission formatting
script](https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-kernel/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#development-scripts)
raises no violations
- [x] All unit tests pass, and I have added new tests where possible
- [x] I didn't break anyone 😄

Author: eavanvalkenburg

Diff for: python/samples/concepts/audio/audio_from_prompt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+import asyncio
+
+from samples.concepts.audio.audio_player import AudioPlayer
+from semantic_kernel import Kernel
+from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai import PromptExecutionSettings
+from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.open_ai import OpenAITextToAudio
+from semantic_kernel.functions import KernelArguments
+
+"""
+This simple sample demonstrates how to use the AzureTextToAudio services
+with a prompt and prompt rendering.
+
+Resources required for this sample: An Azure Text to Speech deployment (e.g. tts).
+
+Additional dependencies required for this sample:
+- pyaudio: run `pip install pyaudio` or `uv pip install pyaudio` if you are using uv.
+"""
+
+
+async def main():
+    kernel = Kernel()
+    kernel.add_service(OpenAITextToAudio(service_id="tts"))
+
+    result = await kernel.invoke_prompt(
+        prompt="speak the following phrase: {{$phrase}}",
+        arguments=KernelArguments(
+            phrase="a painting of a flower vase",
+            settings=PromptExecutionSettings(service_id="tts", voice="coral"),
+        ),
+    )
+    if result:
+        AudioPlayer(audio_content=result.value[0]).play()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

Diff for: python/samples/concepts/images/image_gen_prompt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+
+import asyncio
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+try:
+    from PIL import Image
+
+    pil_available = True
+except ImportError:
+    pil_available = False
+
+from semantic_kernel import Kernel
+from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai import PromptExecutionSettings
+from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.open_ai import OpenAITextToImage
+from semantic_kernel.functions import KernelArguments
+
+"""
+This sample demonstrates how to use the OpenAI text-to-image service to generate an image from a prompt.
+It uses the OpenAITextToImage class to create an image based on the provided prompt and settings.
+The generated image is then displayed using the PIL library if available.
+"""
+
+
+async def main():
+    kernel = Kernel()
+    kernel.add_service(OpenAITextToImage(service_id="dalle3"))
+
+    result = await kernel.invoke_prompt(
+        prompt="Generate a image of {{$topic}} in the style of a {{$style}}",
+        arguments=KernelArguments(
+            topic="a flower vase",
+            style="painting",
+            settings=PromptExecutionSettings(
+                service_id="dalle3",
+                width=1024,
+                height=1024,
+                quality="hd",
+                style="vivid",
+            ),
+        ),
+    )
+    if result and pil_available:
+        img = Image.open(urlopen(str(result.value[0].uri)))  # nosec
+        img.show()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

Diff for: python/semantic_kernel/connectors/ai/open_ai/prompt_execution_settings/open_ai_text_to_audio_execution_settings.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 
 import logging
-from typing import Literal
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
 
-from pydantic import Field, model_validator
+from pydantic import Field
 
 from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.prompt_execution_settings import PromptExecutionSettings
-from semantic_kernel.exceptions.service_exceptions import ServiceInvalidExecutionSettingsError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -18,13 +17,6 @@ class OpenAITextToAudioExecutionSettings(PromptExecutionSettings):
     input: str | None = Field(
         None, description="Do not set this manually. It is set by the service based on the text content."
     )
-    voice: Literal["alloy", "echo", "fable", "onyx", "nova", "shimmer"] = "alloy"
+    voice: Literal["alloy", "ash", "ballad", "coral", "echo", "fable", "onyx", "nova", "sage", "shimmer"] = "alloy"
     response_format: Literal["mp3", "opus", "aac", "flac", "wav", "pcm"] | None = None
-    speed: float | None = None
-
-    @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def validate_speed(self) -> "OpenAITextToAudioExecutionSettings":
-        """Validate the speed parameter."""
-        if self.speed is not None and (self.speed < 0.25 or self.speed > 4.0):
-            raise ServiceInvalidExecutionSettingsError("Speed must be between 0.25 and 4.0.")
-        return self
+    speed: Annotated[float | None, Field(ge=0.25, le=4.0)] = None

Diff for: python/semantic_kernel/connectors/ai/open_ai/prompt_execution_settings/open_ai_text_to_image_execution_settings.py

@@ -41,6 +41,26 @@ class OpenAITextToImageExecutionSettings(PromptExecutionSettings):
     quality: str | None = None
     style: str | None = None
 
+    @model_validator(mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def get_size(cls, data: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Check that the requested image size is valid."""
+        if isinstance(data, dict):
+            if "size" not in data and "width" in data and "height" in data:
+                data["size"] = ImageSize(width=data["width"], height=data["height"])
+            elif "extension_data" in data:
+                extension_data = data["extension_data"]
+                if (
+                    isinstance(extension_data, dict)
+                    and "size" not in extension_data
+                    and "width" in extension_data
+                    and "height" in extension_data
+                ):
+                    data["extension_data"]["size"] = ImageSize(
+                        width=extension_data["width"], height=extension_data["height"]
+                    )
+        return data
+
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def check_size(self) -> "OpenAITextToImageExecutionSettings":
         """Check that the requested image size is valid."""
@@ -51,16 +71,6 @@ def check_size(self) -> "OpenAITextToImageExecutionSettings":
 
         return self
 
-    @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def check_prompt(self) -> "OpenAITextToImageExecutionSettings":
-        """Check that the prompt is not empty."""
-        prompt = self.prompt or self.extension_data.get("prompt")
-
-        if not prompt:
-            raise ServiceInvalidExecutionSettingsError("The prompt is required.")
-
-        return self
-
     def prepare_settings_dict(self, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Prepare the settings dictionary for the OpenAI API."""
         settings_dict = super().prepare_settings_dict(**kwargs)

Diff for: python/semantic_kernel/connectors/ai/open_ai/services/open_ai_text_to_image_base.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 
 from typing import Any
+from warnings import warn
 
 from openai.types.images_response import ImagesResponse
 
@@ -11,30 +12,55 @@
 from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.open_ai.services.open_ai_handler import OpenAIHandler
 from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.prompt_execution_settings import PromptExecutionSettings
 from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.text_to_image_client_base import TextToImageClientBase
-from semantic_kernel.exceptions.service_exceptions import ServiceResponseException
+from semantic_kernel.exceptions.service_exceptions import ServiceInvalidRequestError, ServiceResponseException
 
 
 class OpenAITextToImageBase(OpenAIHandler, TextToImageClientBase):
     """OpenAI text to image client."""
 
-    async def generate_image(self, description: str, width: int, height: int, **kwargs: Any) -> bytes | str:
+    async def generate_image(
+        self,
+        description: str,
+        width: int | None = None,
+        height: int | None = None,
+        settings: PromptExecutionSettings | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes | str:
         """Generate image from text.
 
         Args:
             description: Description of the image.
-            width: Width of the image, check the openai documentation for the supported sizes.
-            height: Height of the image, check the openai documentation for the supported sizes.
+            width: Deprecated, use settings instead.
+            height: Deprecated, use settings instead.
+            settings: Execution settings for the prompt.
             kwargs: Additional arguments, check the openai images.generate documentation for the supported arguments.
 
         Returns:
             bytes | str: Image bytes or image URL.
         """
-        settings = OpenAITextToImageExecutionSettings(
-            prompt=description,
-            size=ImageSize(width=width, height=height),
-            ai_model_id=self.ai_model_id,
-            **kwargs,
-        )
+        if not settings:
+            settings = OpenAITextToImageExecutionSettings(**kwargs)
+        if not isinstance(settings, OpenAITextToImageExecutionSettings):
+            settings = OpenAITextToImageExecutionSettings.from_prompt_execution_settings(settings)
+        if width:
+            warn("The 'width' argument is deprecated. Use 'settings.size' instead.", DeprecationWarning)
+            if settings.size and not settings.size.width:
+                settings.size.width = width
+        if height:
+            warn("The 'height' argument is deprecated. Use 'settings.size' instead.", DeprecationWarning)
+            if settings.size and not settings.size.height:
+                settings.size.height = height
+        if not settings.size and width and height:
+            settings.size = ImageSize(width=width, height=height)
+
+        if not settings.prompt:
+            settings.prompt = description
+
+        if not settings.prompt:
+            raise ServiceInvalidRequestError("Prompt is required.")
+
+        if not settings.ai_model_id:
+            settings.ai_model_id = self.ai_model_id
 
         response = await self._send_request(settings)
 

Diff for: python/semantic_kernel/connectors/ai/prompt_execution_settings.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def __init__(self, service_id: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any):
     @property
     def keys(self):
         """Get the keys of the prompt execution settings."""
-        return self.model_fields.keys()
+        return self.__class__.model_fields.keys()
 
     def prepare_settings_dict(self, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Prepare the settings as a dictionary for sending to the AI service.
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def prepare_settings_dict(self, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]:
             by_alias=True,
         )
 
-    def update_from_prompt_execution_settings(self, config: _T) -> None:
+    def update_from_prompt_execution_settings(self, config: "PromptExecutionSettings") -> None:
         """Update the prompt execution settings from a completion config."""
         if config.service_id is not None:
             self.service_id = config.service_id
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def update_from_prompt_execution_settings(self, config: _T) -> None:
         self.unpack_extension_data()
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_prompt_execution_settings(cls: type[_T], config: _T) -> _T:
+    def from_prompt_execution_settings(cls: type[_T], config: "PromptExecutionSettings") -> _T:
         """Create a prompt execution settings from a completion config."""
         config.pack_extension_data()
         return cls(

Diff for: python/semantic_kernel/connectors/ai/text_to_image_client_base.py

@@ -3,23 +3,54 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from typing import Any
 
+from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.prompt_execution_settings import PromptExecutionSettings
+from semantic_kernel.contents.image_content import ImageContent
 from semantic_kernel.services.ai_service_client_base import AIServiceClientBase
 
 
 class TextToImageClientBase(AIServiceClientBase, ABC):
     """Base class for text to image client."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def generate_image(self, description: str, width: int, height: int, **kwargs: Any) -> bytes | str:
+    async def generate_image(
+        self,
+        description: str,
+        width: int | None = None,
+        height: int | None = None,
+        settings: PromptExecutionSettings | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes | str:
         """Generate image from text.
 
         Args:
             description: Description of the image.
-            width: Width of the image.
-            height: Height of the image.
+            width: Deprecated, use settings instead.
+            height: Deprecated, use settings instead.
+            settings: Execution settings for the prompt.
             kwargs: Additional arguments.
 
         Returns:
             bytes | str: Image bytes or image URL.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def get_image_content(
+        self,
+        description: str,
+        settings: PromptExecutionSettings,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> ImageContent:
+        """Generate an image from prompt and return an ImageContent.
+
+        Args:
+            description: Description of the image.
+            settings: Execution settings for the prompt.
+            kwargs: Additional arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            ImageContent: Image content.
+        """
+        image = await self.generate_image(description=description, settings=settings, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(image, str):
+            return ImageContent(uri=image)
+        return ImageContent(data=image)

Diff for: python/semantic_kernel/functions/kernel_function_from_prompt.py

@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@
 from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.chat_completion_client_base import ChatCompletionClientBase
 from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.prompt_execution_settings import PromptExecutionSettings
 from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.text_completion_client_base import TextCompletionClientBase
+from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.text_to_audio_client_base import TextToAudioClientBase
+from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.text_to_image_client_base import TextToImageClientBase
 from semantic_kernel.const import DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME
+from semantic_kernel.contents.audio_content import AudioContent
 from semantic_kernel.contents.chat_history import ChatHistory
 from semantic_kernel.contents.chat_message_content import ChatMessageContent
+from semantic_kernel.contents.image_content import ImageContent
 from semantic_kernel.contents.text_content import TextContent
 from semantic_kernel.exceptions import FunctionExecutionException, FunctionInitializationError
 from semantic_kernel.exceptions.function_exceptions import PromptRenderingException
@@ -204,6 +208,34 @@ async def _invoke_internal(self, context: FunctionInvocationContext) -> None:
             )
             return
 
+        if isinstance(prompt_render_result.ai_service, TextToImageClientBase):
+            try:
+                images = await prompt_render_result.ai_service.get_image_content(
+                    description=unescape(prompt_render_result.rendered_prompt),
+                    settings=prompt_render_result.execution_settings,
+                )
+            except Exception as exc:
+                raise FunctionExecutionException(f"Error occurred while invoking function {self.name}: {exc}") from exc
+
+            context.result = self._create_function_result(
+                completions=[images], arguments=context.arguments, prompt=prompt_render_result.rendered_prompt
+            )
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(prompt_render_result.ai_service, TextToAudioClientBase):
+            try:
+                audio = await prompt_render_result.ai_service.get_audio_content(
+                    text=unescape(prompt_render_result.rendered_prompt),
+                    settings=prompt_render_result.execution_settings,
+                )
+            except Exception as exc:
+                raise FunctionExecutionException(f"Error occurred while invoking function {self.name}: {exc}") from exc
+
+            context.result = self._create_function_result(
+                completions=[audio], arguments=context.arguments, prompt=prompt_render_result.rendered_prompt
+            )
+            return
+
         raise ValueError(f"Service `{type(prompt_render_result.ai_service).__name__}` is not a valid AI service")
 
     async def _invoke_internal_stream(self, context: FunctionInvocationContext) -> None:
@@ -253,7 +285,9 @@ async def _render_prompt(
         if prompt_render_context.rendered_prompt is None:
             raise PromptRenderingException("Prompt rendering failed, no rendered prompt was returned.")
         selected_service: tuple["AIServiceClientBase", PromptExecutionSettings] = context.kernel.select_ai_service(
-            function=self, arguments=context.arguments
+            function=self,
+            arguments=context.arguments,
+            type=(TextCompletionClientBase, ChatCompletionClientBase) if prompt_render_context.is_streaming else None,
         )
         return PromptRenderingResult(
             rendered_prompt=prompt_render_context.rendered_prompt,
@@ -268,7 +302,7 @@ async def _inner_render_prompt(self, context: PromptRenderContext) -> None:
 
     def _create_function_result(
         self,
-        completions: list[ChatMessageContent] | list[TextContent],
+        completions: list[ChatMessageContent] | list[TextContent] | list[ImageContent] | list[AudioContent],
         arguments: KernelArguments,
         chat_history: ChatHistory | None = None,
         prompt: str | None = None,